Theodore,
I'm assuming you don't use GCI and have not changed PATH or the UniVerse uvsh to be script wrappers....
Put a pause at the start of the PHANTOM to give you time to identify the PID of the UV process. Once identified then from a separate UNIX command shell as Administrator (sudo is also fine) run strace -f -p PID 1>strace_PID.out 2>strace_PID.err - substituting the UniVerse PHANTOM PID throughout. This should be timed to be running BEFORE the PHANTOM wakes up and does any work.
Hopefully the ...err file will have detailed tracing - I'm laying odds on permissions or an environment variable.
ADDED: It would also be useful to put a check on STATUS() immediately after the file operations that fail - even a failure to fail should not be assumed a success.
Regards
JJ