Hector,
Please check the default system-wide PATH - on Linux this is probably in /etc/environment, though bash will default if it is not set to /usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:. - and I suspect this is no coincidence.
On the surface, it looks like you are probably picking up the default bash profile which is hard coded in bash. and not inheriting the environment variables of the specific user session.
Please verify, and try adding the needed environment variable(s) to /etc/environment and let us know if this works for you or if the issue is different to that ssupected.
Added: Just on the off-chance, make sure the environment variables are exported in the parent shell.
Regards
JJ