IsNumeric function(UDF)

You can use a nifty type of cast (::!) for this, which instead of erroring, returns null if the cast fails. (it also works for non-numeric types)
select str, str::!int is not null from nums;
(it will error on scalars so don't test "select 'foo'::!int;" and conclude I'm smoking something)

Hi!

Oops... thanks.
So this is an unnecessary function => delete

You are definitely not the first person to have written this function! (I saw it in our customer diagnostics just last week) And the doc on ::! could be much more notable.
Also, I'd recommend against the std::string in the while loop - it likely does memory allocation. I think you can get a bar const char * from the BlockReader.
I sound like a broken record, but we have seen a 7x perf drop due to allocation in the inner loop of a UDx. I believe this was due to a glibc performance bug, but once bitten twice (7x?) shy.

It also fails on p notation
::!float works like a charm

daniel=> select value as str, value::!int as 'int', value::!float as 'float', value::!numeric(15,8) as 'numeric' from T;
    str     | int |    float    |    numeric 
------------+-----+-------------+----------------
 0X0DEAD    |     |       57005 | 57005.00000000
 0x0abc     |     |        2748 |  2748.00000000
 1 foo bar  |     |             |           
 1P10       |     |             |  1024.00000000
 1e10       |     | 10000000000 |           
 1p10       |     |             |  1024.00000000
 40         |  40 |          40 |    40.00000000
 45.0       |     |          45 |    45.00000000
 999.999    |     |     999.999 |   999.99900000
 INFINITY   |     |    Infinity |           
 Infinity   |     |    Infinity |           
 NAN        |     |         NaN |           
 bar        |     |             |           
 egg 4      |     |             |           
 iNf        |     |    Infinity |           
 nAn        |     |         NaN |           
(16 rows)

Why this notation exists?

That's a pretty mixed bag, actually. I'm surprised that it fails to parse hex as an int.

Also, I'd recommend against the std::string in the while loop - it likely does memory allocation. I think you can get a bar const char * from the BlockReader.

hm... I tried const char* from BlockReader and it doesn't work as expected, it returns whole column and not a single value.

            do {
                const char* value = argReader.getStringRef(0).data();
                char* pointer;
                strtod(value, &pointer);
                vbool isNum = (*pointer == 0 || pointer == value);
                resWriter.setBool(isNum);
                resWriter.next();
                srvInterface.log("VALUE: %s",value);
            } while (argReader.next());

On single value(on scalar) it works.

Also LIMIT clause applied after and not before, i.e. UDF still gets and processes all values from column. Why?

The string is not stored null-terminated. Hence strtod is reading additional bytes off the end. There doesn't appear to be an easy c method for number conversion with a length (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16412840/strtod-with-limited-string-length)
When we run a UDx, we send it a batch of rows to reduce the overhead of control & data flow to/from the UDx. This can mean the UDx runs on 1000 records despite the LIMIT right above.

@sKwa - Thanks for making the code available for your function. It'll definitely help out the community with their own code writing endeavors!

Actually its unnecessary function :'(.
As @Ben_Vandiver pointed I used it with vertica7.0 to cast a column.
But important lessons learned from my conversation with @Ben_Vandiver.

Say me if you need some functionality that I can implement on C++/Java/Python. I like to develop. BTW: check out my ListAgg function, its analytical function and not transform as GROUP_CONCAT(I think my implementation is little better than GROUP_CONCAT from point of view of performance )

[DELETED]

Use this:
REGEXP_LIKE(score, '^[0-9]\d*(\".\d+)"?$')
result is a boolean is_numeric function